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For a clone of Monero in a production environment, what files/directories to be backed up and and what intervals?

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Once you have lots of people using your cryptocurrency, you can back up nothing at all (I'm talking about not backing up your seed nodes. If you have a wallet, you'll want to keep the mnemonic seed for that backed up, of course. And you'll want to keep a safe copy of your passwords/private keys that are used for connecting to the server via SSH and for logging in to your server hosting provider and domain name provider).

The whole point of a distributed cryptocurrency is that you all keep a copy of the blockchain, so that there is not a single point of failure.

This means that you could restore your seed nodes from the other nodes on the network. You'd just have to keep a note of some of the IP addresses of other nodes, so that you could reconnect your seed node to them when you reinstall your seed node after a disaster. Or better, you should encourage lots of people you trust to control their own nodes, who are willing to be listed as a seed node. Now you have resilience and don't need to keep your own written notes of IP addresses.

If you wanted to keep a copy of the blockchain on a machine that you want to control, just install a node on that machine, and it will constantly effectively back up the blockchain as it syncs with other nodes constantly during the day.

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  • In the Monero code, there are a limited number of IP Addresses of Seed Nodes. Assuming that the actual number of Seed Nodes is far greater than the number of IP Addresses, how do they all connect to each other?
    – James
    Commented Jun 27, 2018 at 22:23
  • There are nodes, and then there are seed nodes. A seed node DNS or IP is hard coded into the software, and then when you run your own node (a.k.a. daemon) it'll connect to the seed node and ask the seed node for information about other nodes it knows about. Since all nodes connect to the seed nodes, all nodes can find out about all other nodes through the seed node.
    – knaccc
    Commented Jun 28, 2018 at 1:47

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