Questions tagged [mining-theory]
Questions about the function, reason for, and underlying concepts of mining.
73
questions
24
votes
3answers
4k views
What is the purpose of the tail emission?
What is the purpose of the tail emission? How does it relate to dynamic block sizes and miners penalties?
15
votes
2answers
5k views
Will Monero ever move to Proof of Stake (PoS)?
As an ecological dilemma, burning a lot of energy via PoW seems not to align with the progressive agenda of an aspiring global cryptocurrency.
12
votes
2answers
2k views
Mining Monero with Pencil and Paper
People have successfully performed SHA-256 hashing with pencil and paper
If I wanted to perform the CryptoNight PoW by hand how would I do so?
Are there any PoW instructions that a human with a ...
11
votes
1answer
291 views
Which reasons were discussed for potentially changing the proof-of-work algorithm?
Which reasons were discussed for potentially changing the proof-of-work algorithm to something else in the future (Cuckoo cycle in particular)?
9
votes
4answers
3k views
Why does Monero use proof of work?
Why does Monero use proof of work instead of something that saves electricity like proof of stake?
Have there been any serious to abandon PoW for PoS at some point similar to the plan of Ethereum ...
9
votes
1answer
317 views
How can block size grow over time when miners are incentivised to keep size small?
Miners are penalised if they mine a block that is larger than a threshold.
Miners can make sure that the blocks they mine don't go over that threshold in order to avoid a reward penalty (by adapting ...
8
votes
2answers
3k views
What is actually happening when you pool mine? What is a share? [duplicate]
When I connect to a miner, I recieve a 'job', process that 'job', and send back 'shares'. Somehow this means that I earn Monero for my investment in GPUs and electricity.
What is actually happening ...
7
votes
2answers
704 views
How do full nodes vs miners secure the network differently?
If I run a full node I am supposedly contributing to network security by keeping a copy of the blockchain
If I mine (via pool or solo) I contribute to the network through verification of blocks
How ...
7
votes
2answers
2k views
How does the dynamic blocksize and the dynamic fees work together in Monero?
This mechanism is unique to Monero because it's the only cryptocurrency to have both blocksize and transaction fee dictated by an algorithm, how was this achieved and what is the rationale behind such ...
7
votes
2answers
959 views
Are [solo] mining yield calculations like dice or playing card calculations?
If I want to know how many times I need to roll a die in order to have a given chance of seeing at least one six, I can use the formula:
n = (log(1 - s))/(log(1 - p))
where n is the required number ...
7
votes
1answer
98 views
Miner publishes a block to the network with a lag
I just noticed that a pool has "retained" a new block for quite a long time. See snapshot below where the block was found 3 minutes ago but still not pushed to the network (my own node was not seeing ...
7
votes
1answer
2k views
How can I Mine Monero using a Processor in Memory PCIe Card?
Where can I find out more (enough) about Processor in Memory (PIM) Mining (Monero and a few suitable other Cryptocurrencys) on a PCIe Card?
One example of such a Card is the Micron D480 Automata ...
6
votes
3answers
165 views
After major coin issuance, what must the minimum XMR price be to incentivize network security?
I'm curious about the tail emission and transaction fees after major coin issuance. What is the minimum value that 1 XMR must sustain as an incentive for miners to continue maintaining network ...
6
votes
1answer
152 views
Could (merge) mining provide a vector for deanonymization?
With the recent news that Digitalnote (XDN) is implementing merge mining in an effort to boost the hashrate by basically piggybacking off of Monero, I was wondering if this could lead to some leakage ...
5
votes
2answers
537 views
What happens as monero network hash rate decreases
I've noticed the network hashrate has decreased, does that mean anything for overall monero future.
What happens if the network hashrate gets too low? What level is dangerously low?
Just wondering, ...
5
votes
1answer
312 views
What stops the miner or the pool owner from cheating?
Jafar the malevolent pool owner checks for solved blocks, any only allows a percentage to go to the pool bounty, and the remainder going to his personal secret bounty. To the miner, it is ...
5
votes
1answer
430 views
How can I compile a mining software for my mac computer that uses an NVIDIA GPU?
Please, don't ask me why.
I have a computer that runs OS X on it with a NVIDIA GPU card. I would like to compile my mining software for GPU mining, but I don't find any info at all about this on the ...
5
votes
1answer
818 views
How to Generate a Blob for PoW Hashing
The Cryptonight PoW hash function (cns008) expects an input (a blob on which to mine a new block).
I know that a mining blob can easily be obtained via the monerod daemon's JSON-RPC interface by ...
5
votes
1answer
335 views
Cryptonote SHA3 bigger than 64byte? (Scratchpad Initialization)
The cryptonote whitepaper says
First, the input is hashed using Keccak [KECCAK] with parameters b =
1600 and c = 512. [..]
That's nothing else as hashing the input with SHA3. The size of a ...
4
votes
3answers
4k views
How many hashes are needed to solve a Monero block of difficulty 1?
For example, for ZCash, it takes, on average, 8192 hashes (aka "solutions") to solve a block of difficulty 1. That number is determined in the source code by a 256-bit target threshold (...
4
votes
1answer
133 views
How is Keccak calculated in Monero?
I am reading the monero's implementation of Keccak (used as first part of slow_hash) in src/crypto/keccak.c
I have found that it is a Keccak-256 (with b=1600, c=512, r=1088) and "output" of 1600 bits ...
4
votes
1answer
148 views
How do miners attempt to avoid duplicating nonces of other miners? Do they try?
In a very general sense, most people who know about cryptocurrency mining understand that for every block in a proof-of-work blockchain there is a new "challenge" for the miners, and that challenge is ...
4
votes
1answer
548 views
Formulas for calculating current target and difficulty
I'm looking for formulas on how Monero/CryptoNight/Keccak1600 are calculating difficulty and current target.
E.g. something like:
max_target =?
current_target = f(max_target, blockrate) //some ...
4
votes
1answer
140 views
How do I figure out how much a share is worth in the PPLNS world?
I'm trying to figure out how much accepted shares are worth, however small, in a mining pool, situation, specifically of a PPLNS scheme. What is the formula to figure how what a specific share is ...
3
votes
1answer
132 views
Why does mining generate new coins on a fresh testnet?
So far I thought that mining is the process, when the network verifies transactions. When a transaction is verified, it gets added to the blockhain. In other words, a new block has been found. Then ...
3
votes
2answers
177 views
Does a node that is more geographically centered in the Monero network have a higher chance of mining a block?
As nodes are in competition with each other over who mines the next block first, does geography play a role in that competition? Would a 100 KH/sec mining pool located in, for example, Plettenberg Bay,...
3
votes
1answer
1k views
What are the bandwidth and latency requirements of a miner? What is the total data usage per week?
If I were to run a standard 6-GPU miner, what would be the expected data usage, bandwidth and latency requirements? Is this something that could feasibly by run of a cheap 4G plan?
3
votes
1answer
619 views
What's the difference between the CryptoNightR and RandomX algorithms?
My understanding is that CryptoNightR randomly creates different calculations for each block, and that RandomX does the same, but using a system where any bytecode can be translated into a calculation....
3
votes
1answer
2k views
Is it private pool mining efficient?
I have several machines ready to mine. Is it more efficient to setup one machine as the central "pool"(e.g. with a software like this) and connect other machines/miners to it or is it more efficient ...
3
votes
1answer
295 views
What is the difference between an orphaned block and a alternative block?
I see alternative blocks reorganizing the blockchain in monerod, but my mining pool's orphaned block doesnt show.
3
votes
1answer
128 views
Do coins mined per day scale linearly with computing power?
In other words, if I double my number of video cards, should I expect twice as many coins mined per unit time? From what I can gather, coins are rewarded in a winner-take-all fashion, so if you have ...
3
votes
2answers
281 views
Are mining pools shares based on prescribed difficulty or the actual difficulty you hash a block with?
I'm mining Monero as part of a pool (specifically this pool -- https://mixpools.org/xmr/). I'm using a CryptoNoter package to do the mining. The pool will send back work taht looks like
{"data":"{"...
3
votes
1answer
96 views
What does the “hashes” field mean in an authentication message received from a pool?
I'm still trying to get a handle on how all this pool mining stuff works so I decided to use this guy's project -- https://github.com/cryptonoter/CryptoNoter/ to give it a whirl. In particular I ...
3
votes
0answers
190 views
A Miners Future [closed]
I want to support the Monero network and eventually fill a warehouse with miners. Will there ever be a point where the reward for mining is no longer justifiable? For example, before BitCoin split, ...
2
votes
2answers
4k views
What are the benefits of restricting difficulty while mining?
Virtually all the mining pools I have seen specify a few ports with differing initial difficulties. The difficulty adjusts automatically according to your hash power. I notice that monerohash now ...
2
votes
1answer
440 views
How are Monero blocks found and confirmed? (solo mining)
In case of solo mining - how are Monero blocks found and confirmed? If using monerod - let's say solo mining is started with start_mining somewalletaddress threadcount. What is the principle of block ...
2
votes
3answers
418 views
How to know when I would get any profit by Monero mining program?
I am an absolutely newb to Monero and Blockchain.
I download the Monero GUI program from https://getmonero.org/downloads/ and run on my windows system.
After sync all block to my local, I started to ...
2
votes
1answer
168 views
Why are only 8 bytes of the hash compared with the target?
This is the line in xmr-stak where the hash is compared to the target:
if (*piHashVal < oWork.iTarget)
executor::inst()->push_event(ex_event(result, oWork.iPoolId));
However, if you look above,...
2
votes
1answer
408 views
C/C++ - What is nonceptr in scanhash_cryptonight function?
This is a C/C++ programming question related to CPU mining. In the source code for CPU miners wolf-xmr-miner, cpuminer-multi et al there is a function called scanhash_cryptonight that has this the ...
2
votes
2answers
92 views
Updated dynamic fee calculation?
I'm hoping to find a current reference that explains how the dynamic block size/fee calculation works? This link has a nice explanation, but a community member on reddit suggested it was out-of-date (...
2
votes
1answer
113 views
Validate the result of a job sent by a miner
I'm implementing my own mining pool and I need to know how the result of a job obtained from a miner is validated. I looked at the snipa22's code but have a small doubt.
When sending a job to miner:
...
2
votes
1answer
864 views
Do cryptonight hash speeds mirror scrypt and SHA-256 hash speeds?
There are various websites that tabulate SHA-256 & scrypt hash speeds of various hardware. I wonder how these correspond to crytonight hash speeds. Are they correlated? Or does the correlation ...
2
votes
1answer
671 views
Understanding block reward calculation
I've read this explanation of how block rewards are calculated. But I fail to apply it in practice. Let's take block #1233057 as an example:
The base reward is 8.8005 (which matches the result of the ...
2
votes
1answer
49 views
Steps to generate a job for miners using a mining pool
I'm working on building a mining pool from scratch and it'd be really helpful if someone explained the steps to generate a job for miners. Let's say I have 10 miners connected to my pool, what are the ...
2
votes
1answer
168 views
How does a Monero pool confirm/reject a submitted nonce?
I'm trying to get a handle on how the protocol works between Monero miners and pools. Although I've looked at Stratum, the rules seem slightly different with Monero mining. For example, I'm using a ...
2
votes
1answer
149 views
Keep mining to replace an already published block
If two miners find a valid block for the same height, the block with the largest difficulty is selected and the other one is rejected by the network (orphaned), regardless of their discovery timestamp....
2
votes
1answer
817 views
Explaining result report at XMR-STAK
Here is the example of result report by XMR-STAK:
RESULT REPORT
Difficulty : 13214
Good results : 6330 / 6331 (100.0 %)
Avg result time : 10.0 sec
Pool-side hashes : 83681055
Top 10 best ...
2
votes
0answers
126 views
Descriptive tutorial on mining Monero and information on files as per “Monero-v0.10.3.1”
It will be very grateful, if someone can post the descriptive tutorial on installing Monero (solo and pool) from scratch with the explanation around different files as per "Monero-v0.10.3.1.Zip."
...
2
votes
0answers
79 views
As a pool operator how can I setup having my pool payouts be mined with a 0 fee?
I was just wondering because some people talk about mining my pool payout transaction in a block with a 0 fee. How would someone go about doing this properly?
1
vote
2answers
928 views
How exactly does mining software work?
If I had time I would read the source code, but could someone tell me a human readable version of it?
