The cryptonote whitepaper uses a G constant, as a base point, to calculate various operations, but I don't understand where this constant actually comes from. Is it just a random point on an elliptical curve?
1 Answer
G is defined in the definition of the signature scheme, Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)in the case of Cryptonote and Monero.
As explained in this answer in crypo.SE :
the base point is chosen pretty arbitrarily. As described in the Ed25519 paper, it arises from the choice u=9 in the original Curve25519 paper
The details of this choice are probably out of the scope of Monero.SE and more suited to crypto.SE.