There is no avoiding editing the firewall rules on Tails. Instructions for running Monero on Tails can be found in the projects README and quoted below:
Using Tor on Tails
TAILS ships with a very restrictive set of firewall rules. Therefore, you need to add a rule to allow this connection too, in addition to telling torsocks to allow inbound connections. Full example:
sudo iptables -I OUTPUT 2 -p tcp -d 127.0.0.1 -m tcp --dport 18081 -j ACCEPT ACCEPT DNS_PUBLIC=tcp torsocks ./monerod --p2p-bind-ip 127.0.0.1 --no-igd --rpc-bind-ip 127.0.0.1 \ --data-dir /home/amnesia/Persistent/your/directory/to/the/blockchain